My Dog Won't Eat: Causes and When to Call the Vet

A dog that turns down food can give any owner pause. Most dogs are enthusiastic about mealtimes, so a refusal to eat stands out. A single skipped meal in an otherwise healthy, bright dog is rarely cause for alarm. However, if your dog has not eaten for more than 24 hours, or is showing other symptoms alongside the loss of appetite, contact your vet.

Is This an Emergency?

Go to a vet immediately if your dog:

• Has not eaten for more than 48 hours
• Is also vomiting repeatedly or appears to be in pain
• Has a swollen, hard, or painful abdomen
• Is lethargic, weak, or unable to stand
• Is a puppy, an elderly dog, or has a known medical condition such as diabetes or Addison's disease

Call your vet the same day if:

• Your dog has not eaten for more than 24 hours
• Loss of appetite is alongside vomiting, diarrhoea, or lethargy
• You suspect your dog may have swallowed something it should not have

Wait and monitor for up to 24 hours if:

• Your dog missed one meal but is otherwise alert, bright, and behaving normally
• There has been a recent change in food brand or feeding routine
• Your dog ate grass earlier and seems mildly unsettled

What Causes Loss of Appetite in Dogs?

Stress or a change in routine

Dogs are sensitive to changes in their environment. A house move, a new baby, a new pet, or a change in their owner's schedule can all temporarily suppress appetite. This usually resolves once the dog settles.

Dental pain

Toothache, gum disease, and broken teeth are among the most frequently overlooked causes of appetite loss in dogs. A dog that approaches its bowl but backs away, or that drops food while chewing, should have its mouth examined by a vet.

Digestive upset

A mild stomach upset, often from eating something unsuitable, can suppress appetite for 12 to 24 hours. If there is no vomiting or diarrhoea and the dog is otherwise well, gentle monitoring is reasonable.

Underlying illness

Many systemic conditions, including kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, and hormonal disorders such as Addison's disease, can cause persistent appetite loss. A dog that refuses food for more than two days without an obvious cause needs veterinary investigation.

Medication side effects

Some medications, including certain antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, can temporarily reduce appetite. If your dog's appetite dropped after starting a new medication, speak to your vet.

Which Breeds Are More Prone to Appetite Loss?

• Yorkshire Terrier, Shih Tzu, Maltese: Dental disease is especially common in small breeds with crowded teeth, and is one of the most frequent causes of appetite loss
• West Highland White Terrier, Cocker Spaniel: Both breeds have a higher incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, which can cause chronic appetite fluctuation
• Standard Poodle, Portuguese Water Dog, Bearded Collie: These breeds are predisposed to Addison's disease, which causes intermittent appetite loss, lethargy, and weakness
• Labrador Retriever: Despite a reputation for eating anything, a Labrador refusing food should be taken seriously as this breed rarely declines a meal without medical reason

What Will the Vet Do?

Your vet will take a full history, assess your dog's body condition, and examine the mouth, abdomen, and lymph nodes. Depending on the duration and accompanying symptoms, they may recommend:

• Blood tests and urinalysis to check organ function and screen for systemic illness
• X-rays or ultrasound to look for foreign bodies, masses, or organ changes
• A dental examination under sedation if oral disease is suspected

A consultation for appetite loss typically costs £50 to £120. Blood panels add £80 to £200 depending on the tests required. [VERIFY: current UK veterinary fee ranges]

How to Help Your Dog at Home

If your dog has missed one meal but seems otherwise well:

• Offer a small amount of bland food: plain boiled chicken and white rice, or plain scrambled egg with no seasoning
• Warm the food slightly to increase its aroma and palatability
• Remove the bowl after 20 minutes rather than leaving food available all day
• Ensure fresh water is always available
• Keep the environment calm and maintain your usual routine

Do not try to force-feed your dog. If appetite has not returned within 24 hours, or if your dog's condition changes, contact your vet.